The Second World War

1. Introduction.

   - The 1939-1945.
   - Triggered by Nazi expansionism .
   - Ends the dropping of the atomic bombs (USA to Japan ) .
   - Germany lost.
   - Millions of material and human losses .
   - Attacks on civilians.


2. Causes of conflict.

   - At the end of the First World War -> Treaty of Versailles - > which considers the guilty Germans, who are punished , humiliation, hatred and revenge.
   - Economic crisis after the crash of 29 , favors the rise of fascism ( foreign policy expansionism rearmament of Italy and Germany ) .
   - Weakness of the Western democracies .

3. The Road to War.

   - Germany :

      - Repeatedly Vulnera the Versailles Treaty without the society of nations can do nothing to stop it. as follows:

      - Ranked melt Austria and Germany that Ansclues .
      - Reset Rhine .
      - It establishes conscription.

   - Democracies :

      - Do not react because:

         - In democracies no internal political division .
         - Because they think Hittler stop when it reaches the German unification.

      - In any case Britain intensifies war industry (ships and warplanes ) and to incorporate new technologies such as radar .

   - Italy:

      - Similar policy in Germany , occupies Ethiopia , Libya and Albania.

   - Japan :

      - Imperialist policy .
      - You want your living space to be eastern Asia.
      - Occupies part of China.

   - Covenants :

      - Germany and Italy :

         - Signature 1936 - > Rome - Berlin Axis .
         - In 1939 -> Pact of Steel .

      - Germany and Japan -> sign the pact Anticomitern (against the USSR).
      - Germany and the USSR -> German pact.

   - The trigger :

      - 1 - Sep 1939 - > Hittler invades Poland , Britain and France declared war .

4. The development of the war (1939-1945 ) .

   - Step 1 -> blitzkrieg .

      - Strategy is Hittler blitzkrieg , ie , a fast attack and surprise the enemy using in combination the passing game more tanks ( panzers ) .
      - Objective -> win the war quickly with the destruction of the enemy.
      - Occupation of Poland
      - After rapidly occupying Denmark and Norway, Britain fails to do anything about it , causing a crisis of governance and the creation of a national unity government -> President Winston Churchill
      - In 1940 , the occupation occurs within 48 hours of the Netherlands and Belgium, the next step is the occupation of France . The French occupation anticipated possible , reinforce the Maginot Line on the border with Germany. Within hours the German army enters Belgium (to the north ) where the French were not expecting . On June 14 fall in Paris , a few days ago , Italy had entered the war on the side of the Germans, the Germans divided France into two zones :

         - German Domain Direct (north).
         - While the south - > put a collaborationist Vichy government equity .

      - While the French government from England called the French resistance against the Germans.

   - 2nd stage -> Battle of Britain to Stalingrad .

      - Next target Hittler -> UK .
      - It will launch the next offensive is known as -> Battle of Britain .
      - Massive air attack on the British ports and major cities -> resist .
      - New offensive -> Battle of the Atlantic .
      - Consists of a naval blockade of the British Isles -> resist .
      - War in the Desert - > is the German offensive in North Arica:

         - General Rommel is who will run the offense .
         - Get control of North Africa.

      - At the same time - > Hungary , Romania , Bulgaria and Slovenia -> become satellite states .
      - Yugoslavia resists -> bombed and invaded , as a state and disappears Hittler launches blitzkrieg on Greece , Greece falls , invades Hittler .
      - In 1941 -> a new offensive -> Operation Barbarossa -> to invade the USSR.
      - Has three sources :

         - Leningrad - > withstands a siege of two years.
         - Moscow -> Soviets stop the Germans at the gates .
         - Stalingrad -> 1943 is the 1st Nazi defeat .

      - War in the Pacific :

         - 1941 Japanese attack on the U.S. naval base, without notice of hostility in the Pacific from Pearl Harbour - > USA enters the war by the Allies.
         - Japan :

            - Army is very prepared , disciplined and technologically advanced.
            - They Kamikazes .
            - Until 1943 the Japanese advance is unstoppable , from the Battle of Guadalcanal in this year , begins a slow but steady Allied advance .

   - 3rd stage -> Allied victory .

      - From 1943 changes the course of the war, the Allied offensive begins , this offense is asked:

         - Soviet -> move from the East to the West , towards Berlin .
         - Anglo American troops :

            - Normandy Landings in France , moving eastwards towards Germany
            - Moreover enter through the Mediterranean , some head to North Africa and elsewhere in Sicily , enter the Italian peninsula and move from south to north.

      - Progress is unstoppable ally commits suicide shortly after Hittler May 1945 and ending the war in Europe to Allied victory .

      - War in the Pacific :

         - Americans will make massive bombing of Japanese civilians - > Target -> city.
         - Japanese have much resistance -> very slow progress .
         - Death of President Roosevelt, President Truman again -> this argues that war can be extended much and cause many casualties, decided to use a new , deadly weapon and the effects it may cause was unknown -> the atomic bomb.
         - Tiran 2 pumps into two major industrial cities - > Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
         - On September 2, 1945 the Japanese surrender was signed , World War II is over.

5. Consequences .

   - Demographic :

      - Killed over 50 million people , most of these people are not military , are civilians.
      - The countries that loss is the USSR , Poland and Germany , these 50 million have to augment a number not quantified , are the victims of the atomic bomb that killed directly or indirectly from radiation , plus all the people who died from poor nutrition or diseases .

   - Economics :

      - Europe is devastated :

         - Towns and cities razed .
         - All infrastructure destroyed.
         - The whole industry destroyed.
         - Therefore implies a very significant decrease in European production capacity .

      - Countries not in conflict -> increase their wealth .

      - In Europe, the economic situation is critical , the state has no money , people do not have homes or jobs, no inflation , at times the state intervenes in the economy to sort the situation and the basis of the welfare state focuses - > the state satisfies the basic needs of individuals such guarantees all citizens access to education, health, social services , pensions ...